Глагол know в английском языке
Перевод know с английского на русский
Примеры
3 формы глагола с транскрипцией
| Base Form Инфинитив | Past Simple 2-ая форма | Past Participle 3-ая форма (Причастие прошедшего времени) | Gerund Герундий |
|---|---|---|---|
| know | knew | known | knowing |
| [nəʊ] | [nuː] | [nəʊn] | [ˈnəʊɪŋ] |
| [nəʊ] | [njuː] | [nəʊn] | [ˈnəʊɪŋ] |
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Спряжение know в английском языке во всех временах, лицах и числах
Simple Tense — Простое (неопределенное) время
Present Simple
Простое настоящее
Past Simple
Простое прошедшее
Future Simple
Простое будущее
Continuous Tense — Длительное время
Present Simple Continuous
Настоящее длительное
Past Simple Continuous
Прошедшее длительное
Future Simple Continuous
Будущее длительное
Perfect Tense — Совершенное время
Present Perfect
Настоящее совершенное
Past Perfect
Прошедшее совершенное
Future Perfect
Будущее совершенное
Perfect Continuous Tense — Длительное совершенное время
Present Perfect Continuous
Настоящее совершенное длительное
Past Perfect Continuous
Прошедшее совершенное длительное
Future Perfect Continuous
Будущее совершенное длительное
Conditional — Условное наклонение
Спряжение глагола «to know» (Английский язык)
Глагол to know – неправильный глагол в английском языке, в переводе на русский означает: знать; иметь представление; иметь определенные знания; уметь.
| Infinitive | to know |
|---|---|
| Simple past | knew |
| Past participle | known |
| -s | knows |
| -ing | knowing |
Know in present simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He does not know
She does not know
It does not know
Вопрос
Does he know?
Does she know?
Does it know?
Know in present continuous
Утверждение
He is knowing
She is knowing
It is knowing
Отрицание
You are not knowing
He is not knowing
She is not knowing
It is not knowing
We are not knowing
You are not knowing
They are not knowing
Вопрос
Is he knowing?
Is she knowing?
Is it knowing?
Know in present perfect
Утверждение
He has known
She has known
It has known
Отрицание
You have not known
He has not known
She has not known
It has not known
You have not known
They have not known
Вопрос
Has he known?
Has she known?
Has it known?
Know in present perfect continuous
Утверждение
I have been knowing
You have been knowing
He has been knowing
She has been knowing
It has been knowing
We have been knowing
You have been knowing
They have been knowing
Отрицание
I have not been knowing
You have not been knowing
He has not been knowing
She has not been knowing
It has not been knowing
We have not been knowing
You have not been knowing
They have not been knowing
Вопрос
Have I been knowing?
Have you been knowing?
Has he been knowing?
Has she been knowing?
Has it been knowing?
Have we been knowing?
Have you been knowing?
Have they been knowing?
Know in past simple
Утверждение
Отрицание
He did not know
She did not know
It did not know
Вопрос
Did he know?
Did she know?
Did it know?
Know in past continuous
Утверждение
He was knowing
She was knowing
It was knowing
Отрицание
You were not knowing
He was not knowing
She was not knowing
It was not knowing
We were not knowing
You were not knowing
They were not knowing
Вопрос
Was he knowing?
Was she knowing?
Was it knowing?
Know in past perfect
Утверждение
He had known
She had known
It had known
Отрицание
He had not known
She had not known
It had not known
They had not known
Вопрос
Had he known?
Had she known?
Had it known?
Know in past perfect continuous
Утверждение
I had been knowing
You had been knowing
He had been knowing
She had been knowing
It had been knowing
We had been knowing
You had been knowing
They had been knowing
Отрицание
I had not been knowing
You had not been knowing
He had not been knowing
She had not been knowing
It had not been knowing
We had not been knowing
You had not been knowing
They had not been knowing
Вопрос
Had I been knowing?
Had you been knowing?
Had he been knowing?
Had she been knowing?
Had it been knowing?
Had we been knowing?
Had you been knowing?
Had they been knowing?
Know in future simple
Утверждение
He will know
She will know
It will know
Отрицание
He will not know
She will not know
It will not know
They will not know
Вопрос
Will he know?
Will she know?
Will it know?
Know in future continuous
Утверждение
You will be knowing
He will be knowing
She will be knowing
It will be knowing
We will be knowing
You will be knowing
They will be knowing
Отрицание
I will not be knowing
You will not be knowing
He will not be knowing
She will not be knowing
It will not be knowing
We will not be knowing
You will not be knowing
They will not be knowing
Вопрос
Will you be knowing?
Will he be knowing?
Will she be knowing?
Will it be knowing?
Will we be knowing?
Will you be knowing?
Will they be knowing?
Know in future perfect
Утверждение
You will have known
He will have known
She will have known
It will have known
We will have known
You will have known
They will have known
Отрицание
I will not have known
You will not have known
He will not have known
She will not have known
It will not have known
We will not have known
You will not have known
They will not have known
Вопрос
Will you have known?
Will he have known?
Will she have known?
Will it have known?
Will we have known?
Will you have known?
Will they have known?
Know in future perfect continuous
Утверждение
I will have been knowing
You will have been knowing
He will have been knowing
She will have been knowing
It will have been knowing
We will have been knowing
You will have been knowing
They will have been knowing
Отрицание
I will not have been knowing
You will not have been knowing
He will not have been knowing
She will not have been knowing
It will not have been knowing
We will not have been knowing
You will not have been knowing
They will not have been knowing
Вопрос
Will I have been knowing?
Will you have been knowing?
Will he have been knowing?
Will she have been knowing?
Will it have been knowing?
Will we have been knowing?
Will you have been knowing?
Will they have been knowing?
Know in conditional present
Утверждение
He would know
She would know
It would know
Отрицание
You would not know
He would not know
She would not know
It would not know
You would not know
They would not know
Вопрос
Would he know?
Would she know?
Would it know?
Know in conditional present progressive
Утверждение
I would be knowing
You would be knowing
He would be knowing
She would be knowing
It would be knowing
We would be knowing
You would be knowing
They would be knowing
Отрицание
I would not be knowing
You would not be knowing
He would not be knowing
She would not be knowing
It would not be knowing
We would not be knowing
You would not be knowing
They would not be knowing
Вопрос
Would I be knowing?
Would you be knowing?
Would he be knowing?
Would she be knowing?
Would it be knowing?
Would we be knowing?
Would you be knowing?
Would they be knowing?
Know in conditional perfect
Утверждение
I would have known
You would have known
He would have known
She would have known
It would have known
We would have known
You would have known
They would have known
Отрицание
I would not have known
You would not have known
He would not have known
She would not have known
It would not have known
We would not have known
You would not have known
They would not have known
Вопрос
Would I have known?
Would you have known?
Would he have known?
Would she have known?
Would it have known?
Would we have known?
Would you have known?
Would they have known?
Know in conditional perfect progressive
Утверждение
I would have been knowing
You would have been knowing
He would have been knowing
She would have been knowing
It would have been knowing
We would have been knowing
You would have been knowing
They would have been knowing
Отрицание
I would not have been knowing
You would not have been knowing
He would not have been knowing
She would not have been knowing
It would not have been knowing
We would not have been knowing
You would not have been knowing
They would not have been knowing
Вопрос
Would I have been knowing?
Would you have been knowing?
Would he have been knowing?
Would she have been knowing?
Would it have been knowing?
Глагол to know
Глагол to know принадлежит к числу неправильных глаголов, выражающих мыслительные процессы, а вернее, состояния. Его базовое значение «знать» породило целую плеяду дополнительных значений и их оттенков, в частности:
знать, иметь понятие, представление
—
What are those birds?
—
I don’t know. Ask Tom. He knows a lot about birds.
—
Я не знаю (не имею представления). Спроси Тома. Он много знает о птицах.
быть в курсе дела
—
Your plane is delayed.
—
Ваш самолет задерживается.
быть сведущим в каком-либо деле, разбираться
Don’t go to that new dentist. He knows nothing of his business.
Не ходи к тому новому стоматологу. Он не разбирается в своем деле (он ничего не смыслит в своем деле).
знать, как делать; обладать умением
Do you know how to fix computers?
Ты умеешь чинить компьютеры?
понимать, осознавать
I didn’t know how many troubles my actions would cause.
Я не осознавал, как много неприятностей вызовут мои действия.
испытывать, переживать
Look at those guys. They have known real misfortune. And now stop complaining about your problems!
Посмотри на тех ребят. Они пережили настоящее горе. А теперь перестань жаловаться на свои проблемы!
знать кого-либо, быть знакомым с каким-либо человеком
—
Do you know my father?
—
Yes, I do. I know him from university.
—
Вы знакомы с моим отцом?
—
Да. Я знаю его с университета.
пользоваться известностью /славой, быть известным (страдательный залог)
Jack is known as an eccentric person. You never know what trick he’ll do next time.
Джек пользуется славой эксцентричного человека. Никогда не знаешь, какой фокус он выкинет в следующий раз.
отличать, различать
Do you know those twin brothers from each other?
Ты различаешь тех братьев-близнецов?
При этом очень важно различать глагол to know, имеющий значение «состояния осведомленности», и глагол to learn (= узнавать) в значении «процесса узнавания, получения знаний о чем-либо»:
Do you know where we can get tickets for the concert?
Ты знаешь, где мы можем достать билеты на концерт?
How did you learn where to get the tickets?
Как ты узнал, где достать билеты?
Грамматические особенности глагола to know
Особенности грамматических форм глагола to know определяются двумя факторами. Первый из них – его принадлежность к обширной группе весьма распространенных и довольно своеобразных неправильных глаголов – свидетельствует о необходимости запомнить три основные формы данного глагола. Они приведены в следующей таблице:
the Infinitive (инфинитив, начальная форма)
the Past Simple Tense (прошедшее простое время)
the Past Participle (причастие прошедшего времени)
to know [n əʊ ]
knew [nju:]
known [n əʊ n ]
She didn’t realize then what it would mean for her to know he loves another woman. / Она не осознавала тогда, что это будет значить для нее, если она будет знать, что он любит другую женщину.
Alice knew the situation very well and tried to find a way out. / Элис знала ситуацию очень хорошо и пыталась найти выход.
Jack was known for his honesty and bravery. / Джек был известен своей честностью и храбростью.
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
Present
know / knows
George knows a lot about planes and aerodynamics. / Джордж много знает о самолетах и аэродинамике.
the Present Perfect Tense
have / has known
We have already known about the arrival of an international delegation and have enough time to get ready for it. / Мы уже знаем о прибытии международной делегации и имеем достаточно времени, чтобы подготовиться к нему.
Past
knew
Tom knew that he wouldn’t get that job, but he applied for it. / Том знал, что он не получит ту работу, но он подал на нее заявку.
had known
By the time Terry told Ann about his plans she had already known that he was going to sell the company. / К тому времени, как Терри рассказал Энн о своих планах, она уже знала, что он собирался продать компанию.
Future
will know
I can’t tell you now whether I am going to travel with you. I will know it exactly tomorrow. / Я не могу сказать вам сейчас, буду ли я путешествовать вместе с вами. Я буду знать это точно завтра.
will have known
By the time you tell her about your decision she will already have known about it. / К тому времени, как ты расскажешь ей о своем решении, она уже будет знать о нем.
Andrew has known Jim since their childhood in California.
Эндрю знает Джима с их детства, проведенного в Калифорнии.
Simple
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
Present
am / is / are known
This town is known for its crime situation. / Этот город известен своей криминогенной обстановкой.
have / has been known
Some possible consequences of that decision have been known to the city council, but they still insist on the destruction of a historic area of the city. / Некоторые возможные последствия того решения известны городскому совету, но они по-прежнему настаивают на разрушении исторической части города.
Past
was / were known
At that time Harry was known as a really dangerous guy. / В то время Гарри был известен как действительно опасный парень.
had been known
The results of the test had been known long before they were published officially. / Результаты теста были известны задолго до того, как они были опубликованы официально.
Future
will be known
The results of your English test will be known only in a couple of days. / Результаты вашего теста по английскому языку будут известны только через пару дней.
will have been known
By the time the teacher announces us the results of the test, they will have been known to almost everyone in our group. / К тому времени, как учитель объявит нам результаты теста, они будут известны практически всем в нашей группе.
Jeremy is known to have seen a UFO.
Джереми известен как человек, видевший НЛО.
Our neighbours are known to be very hospitable and sociable.
Наши соседи известны тем, что они очень гостеприимные и общительные.
Устойчивые выражения с глаголом to know
not to know A from B
быть невежественным (не отличать А от В)
When people only watch TV and never read anything, they don’t often know A from B.
Когда люди только смотрят телевизор и ничего никогда не читают, они часто бывают очень невежественными.
to know something like a book
знать что-либо, как свои пять пальцев
We don’t need maps. I know this area like a book.
Нам не нужны карты. Я знаю эту территорию, как свои пять пальцев.
not to know something for certain
не знать что-либо наверняка
Sue is married to James and they have three children. But I don’t know it for certain.
Сью замужем за Джеймсом и у них трое детей. Но я не могу говорить об этом с уверенностью (я не знаю этого наверняка).
to know the length of somebody‘s foot
знать чью-то слабость
The students knew the length of the old professor’s foot: he enjoyed talking about the times of his youth.
Студенты знали слабость старого профессора: он очень любил поговорить о временах своей молодости.
to know something from A to Z
знать, как свои пять пальцев; знать что-либо от и до; знать что-либо в совершенстве
Before the exam Tom claimed he knew history from A to Z. But the exam results showed it wasn’t true.
Перед экзаменом Том клялся, что знает историю в совершенстве. Но результаты экзамена показали, что это не так.
to know which side one’s bread is buttered
быть себе на уме (знать, с какой стороны твой хлеб намазан маслом)
Be careful with Jill! She always looks for her profit everywhere and certainly she knows which side her bread is buttered.
Будь осторожен с Джил! Она всегда ищет себе во всем выгоду и, конечно, она себе на уме.
to know to one’s own cost
знать по собственному горькому опыту
People who are very nice to you often misuse your trust – I know this to my own cost.
Люди, которые очень милы по отношению к тебе, часто злоупотребляют твоим доверием – я знаю это по собственному горькому опыту.
to know which end is up
держать ухо востро
In such difficult situations y ou should always know which end is up to find a way out.
В таких трудных ситуациях следует всегда держать ухо востро, чтобы найти выход.
Это лишь небольшая часть идиоматических выражений, содержащих глагол to know.
Глагол to know как база для фразовых глаголов
Несмотря на обилие устойчивых выражений с глаголом to know и его широкое распространение в речи, он не стал основой для фразовых глаголов, а его употребление с предлогами about и of следует рассматривать как его управление, то есть требования глагола к собственному окружению. Хотя в большинстве случаев глагол to know и вовсе обходится без предлога:
Нам известен этот факт.
I know a lot about cars.
Я много знаю об автомобилях.
Jim knows nothing of his job.
Джим ничего не понимает в своей работе.
Знание особенностей глагола to know окажется для вас, несомненно, полезным как в устном общении, так и в письменной речи.